United States v. Salvador — Fifth Circuit affirmed a 168-month drug sentence because any Guidelines error was harmless

Case
United States of America v. Felicia Salvador
Court
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
Judge
Stewart; Richman; Higginson
Date Decided
August 25, 2026
Docket No.
25-30710
Topics
Sentencing Guidelines; Mitigating Role; Harmless Error; Drug Conspiracy
Source
Read the full opinion

Background

Felicia Salvador pleaded guilty to conspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to distribute 50 grams or more of methamphetamine. The U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana sentenced her to 168 months in prison.

Salvador appealed, arguing that the district court wrongly denied her a mitigating-role reduction under amended U.S.S.G. § 3B1.2. In her objections to the presentence report, she asserted that the proper advisory Guidelines range was 57 to 71 months, while acknowledging that her offense carried a 10-year statutory mandatory minimum under 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A)(viii).

The Court’s Holding

The Fifth Circuit affirmed without deciding whether the district court erred in denying the mitigating-role adjustment. The panel held that any error was harmless because the sentencing judge expressly stated that the same 168-month sentence would be imposed regardless of the disputed Guidelines issue, based on the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors.

The court noted that the district court heard Salvador’s argument, overruled her objection, and found that she had facilitated the distribution of large drug quantities. Because the court understood the issue presented by the amended guideline and independently selected the same sentence, the alleged Guidelines error did not require resentencing.

Key Takeaways

  • An alleged Guidelines-calculation error may be harmless when the sentencing court clearly states that it would impose the same sentence regardless of the disputed calculation.
  • The district court found that Salvador acted as a facilitator in distributing large quantities of drugs and denied her requested mitigating-role reduction.
  • The Fifth Circuit affirmed on harmless-error grounds and did not resolve whether denying the reduction was erroneous.

Why It Matters

The decision underscores the importance of an explicit alternative-sentence statement. When a district court demonstrates awareness of a disputed Guidelines question and explains that the § 3553(a) factors independently justify the same sentence, the Fifth Circuit may affirm without deciding the merits of the Guidelines dispute.

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